Eighth ethical theory: Natural Law
The basis of duties and rights are natural law.
St. Thomas defines law as the ordinance of reason promulgated by one who has care of the community in order to serve the common good.
Kinds of Law
1. Eternal Law - is the infinite wisdom of God ordering everything according to its end.
God has a reason because He is intelligent but not rational.
Because it is something that moves from what is unknown to the known.
God knows everything
Ergo, God is not rational.
2. Natural Law - is man's participation of the eternal law. Our comprehension of the eternal law of God. We recognize it by our experience of human nature.
Human nature has three levels:
Human nature has three levels:
- Vegetative - we share something of plant life. It concerns survival.
- Animal - we have tendencies to be animalistic. It concerns the propagation of species.
- Rational - concern of upbringing of children, socialization skills, thirst for knowledge, knowledge of God.
- considers nature as paradigm for morality. for some philosopher it involves a fallacy, a naturalistic fallacy. "is" = "ought" a thing does not necessarily that it should be. others see it as not a fallacy instead see a thing is then it should be. a marker is for writing then write.
- Natural Law is based on theistic principles.
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